![]() ![]() In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). ![]()
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